Diaphragm air-friction device



June 30, 1925. 1,543,888

P. A. wlcKEs DIAPHRAGM AIR FRICTION DEVICE Filed N0v.13 1923 2Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR P.A.wlcr zs BY I AI'TORNEY June 30, 1925.

P. A. WICKES DIAPHRAGM AIR FRIC'ITON DEVTCF! Filed Nov. 13 1923 2Sheets-Sheet 2 1,: fi J j m L 5 .U w M .7 w 5/ r0 on HM; yv w m 1 w QT MM INVENTOR PA.W| CKES Ai-ToRNEY recesses;

50 one end of which is see. ,7

,the shoul ernvlt A .eshe'rtl splaced:

Patented June 30, 1925.

- s TAT Powmzs A. wIcKEs, or PORTLAND, OREGON,' ASSIGNOREDOsWILLAMiE'IFEEiIRQN. AND

STEEL WORKS, F PORTLAND, BREGQN.

:DIAPHRAGM AIB-FBICEDION DEVEIQE- Apglipgtion filed November To all whomit may concern: I Be itherebylmqwn that I, POWERS A. WIGKES, a citizenofthe United States,end aresident of Portland, in the county ofMultnomah'and State'of Oregon, have invented a new and useful DiaphragmAir-Friction Device, of which the. following is a specifieetien.

,This invention relates more particularly to le n ng n s and mv L m h,The. objects f ,Iny inv entign are to provide en .6X. fi g X I- P B endicient-1 otatab e ei -ect wdsi eicE .ep m ng i tio mec ni m ;ia slihwirihe fi ll w -char- ET t-[EX esli e y ensi i e to S i iqlien iinaeelifide npies i r i $Q0n 1}-Has.small ziir, displeeemen Third." Is muchlighterthan other. devices .fo-ritheisameiplllpose. Y n

' Fourth; Is easy tojnienufaicture end its ipartse eme i y asleee i e .cr

' Fifth. N0 c'lose gfitsgaugelreq i ired,inv its con- .stm tio iem it is3% imdu y fi c y 2 mea n. V n Si th jIt is prcizided with a .th agv itsv di p a m find suspqri -isz iine-oy'e ai ge area, and thenefi re. p rmisloi g e 1: l-

ability in th dde iee; en ia sq adds to the life F qfi-th nd ephmgm-i iihfl and, theniqbjeets, willibeib t er understood in the speeifi cetign.jfiellgwing eind li u tse e itheifiiwemmn ie r-dr i s I BligQ QfiLis vsectio-n ith rq gh the devlce. r l ignlrei 2 is; an end gel ation,pf the; device n'with th have removed, .Eigi re 3i is pla showingthemannervin, whieh'it .isw ettached to a drumshaftfgfaileggingengineiwhose i t Fi .l l s e-sec ion a e 's e l i f nEi [empl yed the side tee s,- 1 ef the. u ual fenm smP -yedin i eeein emnee. up when piec d i he bea ings 1 J u n i .i'ngjin thelheeringsfllfl-is a drums ef -AZ at d ,ei e r' 13 g i iieee n tgtheeea 113- tiiengi ar, pla 16 1 :Iilaqe e-vel vthe Shet A l-gein t hread of he; nut.33-

,th tmy ,of the p te 461 13, eza ser i i m 57 451.41.

friction blocks 17 Rotatahly nqnntedpn the shaft 12 is a, cahlqdruinlS;pr0 v ided with a groove 19 on the side ofits' flg ngeiqr engaging theblocks 17. It,is prefiifgblg ii) prov de the drum 18 with bushings :20.Three long belts Zipesstlirouglntjhe druin 18e d thread intolthe plate16. 10 egich :bolt 21 .iSi Placed a tubular s leei et2 2 a asher 23end espacer sleeve fi, oin which ep md e mp-r l e S ieg25 b ty en the men'bers lde nd 23. f gen be prpvided -in the druin side-tc ei Ill, 1passage of the spring sfid wwlhgse f I I iisto heldthe gi qoi 'e 1 9 ctfdfQQga-gejrnent with the blocks 1'1 hysliding the drum 18 {1. alongthe she-ft 12. .N its 2.7,Qe .p p ixlei Lenthe bolts, 21.

Theend of the shaft 12 which isoppgsjite :thegear 13 issho lldered andithreededlfcr the purposeof attaching the d eyiceitsellf. This threadedend is preyidedwith apentrel Op n n hi s l de,p1nn,g, r.28, one I end,of which projects ,frqin thesheft 1 2 and thectherend engages alder- 29which is slidblyi lacedin esliot in thesheftjig. Tl e h air B0 ,.29also-slid -S in a slot 340, in the fr ctiqn washer 31 which bearsegainstt he-hnb3 of thedrumlS. r'

i far l h ave describe ithe vhQt-tk of e logging device which is COIIlIllQIldDQhQ art.

, in which. ,the friction is, epplidby igijfi ure 40 th i plung r 8 ch.peeie e h jvided with a set screw )35 which v hears against a copperplug 37 which hides (in the v from the, fleet, 38,. is ;a circi lar wallv3.9. A'r'elietport 4;0;i s provided in thefiOOr The floor 3,85%0365toward the center Where, is termed a 41: having ,a ;circ1ilar;

.Qpening 42, cbncentric. with the body 35 end hilt Th e ge- 5M011"bebpdi -3 is slightly counterhqred .end prcxided with holes, .lfoi thebelts A4;

, i ablypl e in .theQhQIe -JLZ ,is the iniiem- 1 stem-45 o' fit hediaphra grnplete: {16, which .is 3/lSO :pI-QV ld9,Ci withen qutei' stern17. An

interned rim &8 en the plate 46is egualin IVhen the plate 46 is inplace, a diaphragm 49, preferably of rubber with suitablereinforcements, is placed in the counterbore of the flange 43, and itscenter is secured to the plate 46 around the stem 47 by means of theclamping Washer 50 and the studs 51. A cover 52 is now placed over thediaphragm 49 and the bolts 44 are used to clamp the outside of thediaphragm 49 between the body 35 and the cover 52.

It will be observed that a bag 53 is formed in the diaphragm 49 and thatthe bag lies in the space between the rim 48 and the inner edge of theflange 43, both of which are rounded, as shown. The cover 52 also servesas a guide for the stem 47.

In the hub 54 I haveprovided a swivel pipe 55 under whose head 56 I haveplaced a ball bearing 57. Suitable packing 58, a gland 59, and studs 59are also provided. Ports 60 are provided in theguide 61 for the passageof air from the pipe 55 to the diaphragm 49, or vice versa.'

' The diaphragm 49" is normally held against the cover face 62 by theplate-46 which is urged by the springs 63 which rest in the wells 64 inthe body 35. The spring holders 65 are held by the bolts 66 equippedwith thenuts 67. Pockets 68 are formed on the under side of the body 35to receive the holders 65.

A "friction pin 69i's inserted into the end of the stem 45 and bearsagainst the plunger 28. Air from a tank 70'p'asses through the pipe 71into the swivel pipe 55 .and its application is controlled by thethree-way valve 72 from whose outlet 73 the ir may be released from thedevice as desired.

The operation of my device is as follows: When desirin'g to drive thedrum 18 through the gear 13 the'operator manipulates the valve 72 inorder to admit air from th'e tank 70 to the diaphragm 49.

It will be obvious that a very large area of the diaphragm is'restingagainst the plate 46.and that the only unsupported section is the smallba'gif53 which hangs on the rounded edges of the flange 43 and the plate46. Since the first portion of the movement of the plunger does littlework,

the only work performed by the device vhile operating at' a reduceddiaphragm area is to compress the springs 63 slightly and to bend thediaphragm 49' around the bagged area, and it is evident that the fulluse of the diaphragm 'area is obtained be fore-the moment the actualwork of applying the friction is begun.

It is evident that the only internal resistance to the movement ofthediaphragm is the sliding friction of the stems 45 and 47 in' theirguides. which is negligible, and

to this must be added the force required to bend the diaphragm at thebag 53.

In. existing devices where cylinders are employed rings 'are usuallyused on the pis tons, which, of course, permit leakage withcorresponding variations in pressure and obvious bad results. Whenleakage past the piston is reduced by the employment of packing, theincrease in friction becomes a serious fact-or, since a great deal ofpressure must be applied to overcome this friction, plus the inertia'ofthe parts, and when the piston does move it moves very rapidly, usu allywith a pound, when the slack in. the friction is taken up, and also avery severe application of the friction due to the additional powerapplied and the momentum of I the heavy parts. p c

It will be seen that no small advantage is gained by employing adiaphragm since the center of gravity of the device is moved much nearerto the end of the shaft 12 than is possible with any piston-operateddevice having the same thrust capacity. Not only is the center ofgravity of'the device moved nearer to the end of the shaft, but itsweight is actually reduced to about onethird of that of the pistondevices. Itis the great overhang and the weight while rotating on theend of a shaft, which makes the piston devices exceedingly difficult tobe kept in satisfactory working order. '1'

Wear on the blocks 17 beyond the range of this device istaken up byrotating the body 35 on the nut 33 and resecuring same by means'of thescrew 36.

It will be understoodthat the device is.

expressly designed for short travel, the function of the nut '33 beingto bring the required movement within the range of the device. Asecondary 'function of'the nutis to permit the device'to' be attachedto'either end of a shaft, or to different sized'shafts, by merely usinga nuhwhith would fit that shaft and the hub 34. I I

I am aware that diaphragm devices have been employed for the purpose ofse't brakes on trains, automobiles, etc, I therefore do not claim mydevice broadly but intend to cover such forms and modifications as fall;fairly within the appended claims.

What I claim as new is 1. A diaphragm air friction device con sistingof'a cylindrical body member, a diaphragm plate slidably mounted insa'idbody member extending almost to the side walls of said body, a diaphragmacross the end of said body and 'restingflagainst saidfplate lil up forwear in the friction blocks, a friction diaphragm plate having a stemprojecting from each side, one of said stems guiding in said bodyconcentrically with said nut, a diaphragm across the open end of saidbod adapted to bag into the space between said plate and body, a coverover said diaphragm guiding one of said stems which projects throughsaid diaphragm, a clainping ring for securing the center of saiddiaphragm to said plate. stop means for limiting the travel of saidplate, means for admitting air through said cover against said diaphagm. and springs in said body for returning said plate to its point ofrest, when the air pressure is released.

I). A rotatable device for actuating a plunger projecting from arotatable shat't consisting of a cylindrical body member having abulging closed end and having an internally threaded hub projecting fromsaid bulging end. a shaft nut internally threaded for the purpose ofsecuring same to a shaft end, said nut having an external thread formedthereon to receive said body, means for locking said hub againstrotation with relation to said nut, a circular diaphragm plate withinsaid body extending almost to its side walls. a stem projecting fromeach side of said plate. one of said stems guiding in the bulging end ofsaid body and engaging the end of the shaft 'ilunger, a rubber diaphragmplaced over the second stem. :1. claniping washer for securing thecenter of said diaphragm to said plate. a cover over said diaphragmwhich holds the outer edges of the diaphragm to the bod and guides thestem which projects through the diaphragm and means for adn'iitting airthrough said cover against said diaphragm.

POlVERS A. lYIC KES.

